Research Article
Analysis of Ground Movement during Large-Scale Pipe Roof Installation and Artificial Ground Freezing of Gongbei Tunnel
Table 2
Physical and mechanical parameters of soil strata.
| | Soil stratum | Thickness h (m) | Unit weight γ (kN/m3) | CU-test | CD-test | | c (kPa) | φ (◦) | c′ (kPa) | φ′ (◦) |
| | Fill | 7.5 | 18.5 | 3.0 | 25.0 | 0 | 29.0 | | Clay and silt ③-1 | 2.5 | 15.4 | 6.0 | 13.0 | 2 | 25.0 | | Fine to coarse sand ③-3 | 5.0 | 20.0 | 4.0 | 25.0 | 0 | 29.0 | | Sandy clay and silt ④-3 | 4.0 | 17.9 | 11.4 | 6.5 | 3 | 27.0 | | Fine sand ⑤-2 | 10.0 | 20.5 | 4.0 | 26.0 | 0 | 30.0 | | Fine to coarse sand ⑥-2 | 2.5 | 19.5 | 2.0 | 30.0 | 0 | 32.0 | | Silty clay ⑦-1 | 7.0 | 18.0 | 12.3 | 7.6 | 3 | 28.0 |
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Notes: CU denotes Consolidation Undrained; CD denotes Consolidation Drained.
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