Digital Twin in Computational Design and Robotic Construction of Wooden Architecture

Table 1

Measuring and modeling methods.

	Name	Principle	Speed	Accuracy	Cost	Stability	Limitation
Active method	Moiré fringe	Diffraction and interference of light	++	+++	+	+	Only available for objects with regular texture
	Time-of-flight (ToF)	Time taken for the wave to bounce back to the emitter	++	−−	−−	−	Low resolution and being easy to be disturbed
	Structured lighting	Encoding and decoding of light	+	++	+	++	Projection equipment required
	Triangulation	Solving trigonometric equation	+	−	+	+	Data sparseness
Passive method	Shape from texture (SFT)	Perspective distortion calculation	+	+	+	−	Surface texture information required
	Shape from shading (SFS)	Ray calculation	−	−	+	−	Light parameters required
	Multiview stereo (MVS)	Parallax principle	−−	−−	+	+	Image error being big
	Silhouette	Visible shell approximation	+++	−−	++	++	Visible shell only