Ground Displacements due to the Deformations of Shallow Tunnels with Arbitrary Cross Sections in Soft Ground

<div>Influence of Poisson’s ratio on the horizontal and vertical displacements of ground induced by the elliptical tunnel cavity’s deformation. (a) Vertical displacement of ground. (b) Horizontal displacement of ground.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 13

Figure 13: Ground Displacements due to the Deformations of Shallow Tunnels with Arbitrary Cross Sections in Soft Ground 