Ground Displacements due to the Deformations of Shallow Tunnels with Arbitrary Cross Sections in Soft Ground

Figure 7

Contours of the normalized stresses and displacements in the case of (a)/(b) = 2 as derived by the theoretical method and ABAQUS 2D. (a) Shear stress of the soil. (b) Soil stress in the x-direction. (c) Soil stress in the y-direction. (d) Soil displacement in the x-direction. (e) Soil displacement in the y-direction.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)