Life Cycle Ecological Footprint Reduction for a Tropical Building

Table 5

Details of selected sustainable building materials.

Building material	Bricks or blocks/m^3	Embodied energy	Emission factor^#	Remarks
Fly ash brick (FAB; 230 × 115 × 75 mm^3)	600	1341 MJ/m^3 [49]	0.0778 tCO2/m^3	Fly ash 60%, sand 30%, cement (lime + gypsum) 10%
Autoclaved aerated concrete block (AAC; 400 × 200 × 200 mm^3)	63	3.5 MJ/kg [50]	0.0002 tCO2/kg	Light weight and low-density block
Hollow concrete block (HCB; 400 × 200 × 200 mm^3)	63	12.3–15 MJ/block [51]	0.00071–0.00087 tCO2/block
Limestone calcined clay cement (LC^3)	—	4,234 MJ/t [52]	0.245 tCO2/t	Clinker 50%, calcined clay 30%, Limestone 15%, gypsum 5% [53]

^#Indian primary energy to emission factor is 58 tCO₂/TJ [54].