Life Cycle Ecological Footprint Reduction for a Tropical Building

Table 6

Embodied energy of different types of solar PV systems.

Components		Embodied energy (MJP/m^2 collector area)	Emission factor^# (tCO2/m^2 collector area))
Solar PV module	Mono-Si	2,860–3,860 [57, 61]	0.165–0.223
	Multi-Si	2,699–3,120 [57, 62]	0.156–0.181
	a-Si	710–1,990 [58, 63]	0.041–0.115
	CdTe	992–1,189 [59]	0.057–0.068
	CIS	1,069–1,684 [59, 60]	0.062–0.097
Balance of system (BOS)
Inverter		503 MJ/kWp [64]	0.029
Frame mild steel		32.24 (MJP/kg) [65]	0.0018
Installation		34 [64]	0.0019

^#Indian primary energy to emission factor is 58 tCO₂/TJ [54].