Finite Element and Vulnerability Analyses of a Building Failure due to Landslide in Kaithakunda, Kerala, India

Table 1

Properties of soil and rock.

Property	Layer 1—soil	Layer 2—soil	Layer 3—rock
Specific gravity (G)	2.48	2.57	—
Liquid limit () (%)	49	49	—
Plastic limit () (%)	34	29	—
Plasticity index (Ip) (%)	15	20	—
Soil classification	SM	SM	Soft rock
Coefficient of permeability (k) (m/s)	5.54 × 10^−8	1.88 × 10^−7	—
Effective cohesion (c′) (kN/m^2)	10.90	9.86	0
Effective friction angle (φ′) (°)	20.06	22.10	55
Elastic modulus (E) (kN/m^2)	14 × 10^3	16 × 10^3	70 × 10^3
Poisson’s ratio (ν)	0.325	0.325	0.35
Dry unit weight (γ) (kN/m^3)	18.55	19.90	26
Dilatancy angle (ψ) (°)	0	0	0