Effect of Agricultural Crop Wastes as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete Production

Table 1

Chemical compositions of bamboo leaves’ ashes (BLA).

Chemical compositions (%)	Authors
	Frías et al. [23]	Rodier et al. [24]	illar-Cociña et al. [25]	Moraes et al. [1]	Villar-Cociña et al. [26]	Abebaw et al. [21]
SiO2	78.71	70.50	80.40	74.23	73.46	65.66
Al2O3	1.01	0.63	1.22	2.27	0.13	6.41
Fe2O3	0.54	0.47	0.71	2.34	0.41	4.28
CaO	7.82	7.86	5.06	3.30	4.31	15.22
MgO	1.83	1.84	0.99	1.46	3.28	2.48
SO3	1.00	2.87	1.07	0.84	4.21
K2O	3.78	5.11	1.33	2.11	5.42	4.84
Na2O	0.05	ND	0.08	ND	0.45	2.76
P2O5	0.99	1.67	0.56	1.02	1.84
Cl	ND	0.85	ND	0.39	0.51
Others	0.44	0.41	0.50	0.70	0.94
LOI	2.83	7.79	8.08	11.34	5.56	9.65
SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3	80.26	71.60	82.33	78.84	74.00	76.35