Effect of Agricultural Crop Wastes as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete Production

Table 3

Chemical composition of corncob leaves’ ashes (CCA).

Chemical compositions (oxides %)	Authors
	Adesanya and Raheem [40, 41]	Owolabi et al. [42]	Singh et al. [43]	S.A. Memon et al. [44]	Desai [45]	Bheel and Adesina [46]
Country	Nigeria	Nigeria	India	Pakistan	Gujarat	Pakistan
SiO2	66.38	64.90	64.56	63.73	62.30	67.23
Al2O3	7.48	10.79	9.42	15.08	6.25	6.34
Fe2O3	4.44	4.75	5.12	5.32	4.40	5.33
CaO	11.57	10.24	12.00	6.56	10.57	10.75
MgO	2.06	2.08	3.01	4.56	1.86	ND
SO3	1.07	2.53	ND	ND	1.02	1.04
K2O	4.92	4.30	ND	2.05	3.89	5.42
Na2O	0.41	0.43	ND	0.10	0.36	0.37
Others	1.67	—	5.89	2.60	9.35	3.52
SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3	78.30	80.44	79.10	84.13	72.95	78.90