Structures under Synergetic Effects of Combined Blast and Impact Loads: A State-of-the-Art Review

Table 1

Design code of practices for structures subjected to blast and impact loads.

Year	Code/guideline	Remark
2012	Design and assessment of buildings under to blast loads, CSA	Structural design envelope and mitigation technical provisions CSA [30]
2010	Design of blast resistant buildings in petrochemical facilities; 2^nd ed, ASCE	Introduce load determination systems, type of analysis, method construction, and detailing of connections ASCE [29]
2009	Guide specification and commentary for vessel collision design and highway bridges, AASHTO	Applicable for vehicle collision. Use equivalent static load based on performance-force method of analysis AASHTO [33]
2008	Unified facilities criteria (UFC), prepared by dep. of the army, navy, air force	Brief explanation on blast, fragment, and shock loads. Introduce methods of analyses, and structural designs DOD [1]
2004	The design of highway bridges for vehicle collision loads, prepared by department of transport, UK	Applicable for vehicle collision and bases equivalent nominal loads applied horizontally UK's-Highway-Agency [35]
2003	Actions on structures. European committee (CEN)	Use equivalent static force with effect of different parameters CEN [34]
2003	Federal emergency management agency (FEMA), prepared by department of homeland security	Forward threat, vulnerability, and risks on structures. Introduce methods of site layout and design guidance FEMA [36]
2003	Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures (ASCE 7–98)	Introduce on how additional loads such as vibration and impact loads can be induced in structural design phases ASCE [28]
1986	Blast resistant structures: design manual 2.08., NAFEC	Introduce blast types, structural design for blast load NAFEC [31]
1980	A manual for prediction of blast and fragment loadings, DOE	Methods for predict different blast loading, cratering, ground shock, and fragmentation DOE [32]