Review Article

Structures under Synergetic Effects of Combined Blast and Impact Loads: A State-of-the-Art Review

Table 2

Summary of different parameters and respective effects on RC beams subjected to combined blast and impact loads.

Author (s)Analysis methodParameter listsRemark

Gholipour et al. [8]FEA (LS-DYNA)Reinforcement configurationsIncreasing the rate of impact from 2 m/s to 12 m/s, makes specimen failure mode in shear and flexure
(i) Low shear (L22S6)
(ii) Low flexure (L12S12)
(iii) Sufficient shear-flexure (L22S10)
Loading sequencesImpact-blast and blast-impact load scenario revealed local spallation and direct shears, respectively
(i) Impact-blast load
(ii) Blast-impact load
Time lagsLarge flexural bending moments were obtained when the sequential explosion detonated at the time of peak bending moment
(i) Low-rate impact (2 m/s)
(ii) Middle-rate impact (6.86 m/s)
(iii) High-rate impact (12 m/s)

Gholipour et al. [9]FEA (LS-DYNA)Loading sequencesSevere damage (spallation) was obtained beneath the depth of the beam
(i) Impact-blast load
(ii) Blast-impact load
Time lagsIncreasing the time lag from 2.1 ms to 20 ms revealed global shear failure mode
(i) tL = 2.1 ms
(ii) tL = 5.0 ms
(iii) tL = 10 ms
(iv) tL = 20 ms
Beam depthsBoth peak and residual displacements increase when decreasing the beam depth
(i) D1 = 0.15 m
(ii) D2 = 0.20 m
(iii) 3 = 0.25 m

Gholipour et al. [9]FEA (LS-DYNA)Span lengthsWhile changing the span length from 0.9 m to 1.9 m, large flexural bending moment was obtained
(i) L1 = 0.9 m
(ii) L2 = 1.4 m
(iii) L3 = 1.9 m
Longitudinal reinforcementsIncreasing flexural steel ratio drops the damage index values and the path of damage
(i) Low flexure (C13T16)
(ii) High flexure (C20T25)
Transverse reinforcementsBeam with sufficient shear detail had small spalls
(i) Low shear (Фt = 6 mm @ 15 cm)
(ii) Sufficient shear (Фt = 16 mm @ 5 cm)