Numerical Simulation and Application of Zero-Thickness Contact Surface Element with Variable Shear Stiffness on Pile Foundation

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Normal stress (kPa)</td><td class="align_center">22</td><td class="align_center">55</td><td class="align_center">88</td><td class="align_center">107</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Initial shear stiffness (Mpa/m)</td><td class="align_center">135.9</td><td class="align_center">141.03</td><td class="align_center">167.4</td><td class="align_center">234.28</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Initial shear stiffness values under different normal stresses.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Table 1

Table 1: Numerical Simulation and Application of Zero-Thickness Contact Surface Element with Variable Shear Stiffness on Pile Foundation 