A Novel Approach for Detection of Pavement Crack and Sealed Crack Using Image Processing and Salp Swarm Algorithm Optimized Machine Learning

Table 3

p values obtained from the Wilcoxon signed rank test results.

Class	Comparison	value
Noncrack	CV-SSA-SVM vs. Adam-BPANN	0.0005
	CV-SSA-SVM vs. Adam-DCNN	1.0000
	CV-SSA-SVM vs. RFC	0.0350
Sealed crack	CV-SSA-SVM vs. Adam-BPANN	0.0002
	CV-SSA-SVM vs. Adam-DCNN	0.0020
	CV-SSA-SVM vs. RFC	0.0001
Crack	CV-SSA-SVM vs. Adam-BPANN	0.0004
	CV-SSA-SVM vs. Adam-DCNN	0.0075
	CV-SSA-SVM vs. RFC	0.0401