Multiple Reflective Cracks in Semirigid Base Asphalt Pavement under Traffic Load Using XFEM

Table 1

Properties of layers.

Layer	Material	Young’s modulus (MPa)	Poisson’s ratio	Thickness (cm)
Asphalt concrete upper layer	SBS-AC13	-	0.35	4
Asphalt concrete middle layer	SBS-AC20	-	0.35	6
Asphalt concrete bottom layer	A70-AC25	-	0.35	8
Semirigid base	Cement-stabilized macadam	1500	0.25	30
Subbase	Cement-stabilized gravel	1300	0.3	30
Subgrade	Compacted soil	250	0.35	-