Evaluation of Rutting, Fatigue, and Moisture Resistance of Low-Energy Asphalt Mixtures Modified by Crumb Rubber

Table 8

Three-stage model for the creep curves of the mixtures at 207 kPa stress level.

Specimen	Primary stage			Secondary stage			Tertiary stage
	Model	First point	R^2	Model	End point	R^2	Model	R^2
HMA	εp = 0.02478 N^0.50064	1,744	0.99	εp = 1.055 + 0.0003 (N-1744)	2,842	0.99	εp = 1.434 + 1.97981 (e^0.00017(N-2842)−1)	0.98
LEA	εp = 0.03242 N^0.55263	706	0.99	εp = 1.23 + 0.0011 (N-706)	1,006	0.99	εp = 1.549 + 2.47383 (e^0.00041(N-1006)−1)	0.98
LEA + %10 CR	εp = 0.02069 N^0.47726	2,002	0.99	εp = 0.787 + 0.0002 (N-2002)	3,802	0.99	εp = 1.15 + 1.16863 (e^0.00017(N-3802)−1)	0.99
LEA + %15 CR	εp = 0.01312 N^0.48683	2,602	0.98	εp = 0.606 + 0.0001 (N-2602)	6,610	0.99	εp = 1.039 + 1.18221 (e^0.00011(N-6610)−1)	0.99
LEA + %20 CR	εp = 0.05489 N^0.44414	982	0.98	εp = 1.136 + 0.0005 (N-982)	1,804	0.99	εp = 1.519 + 1.46427 (e^0.0003(N-1804)−1)	0.99