Evaluation of Rutting, Fatigue, and Moisture Resistance of Low-Energy Asphalt Mixtures Modified by Crumb Rubber

Table 9

Three-stage model for the creep curves of the mixtures at 310 kPa stress level.

Specimen	Primary stage			Secondary stage			Tertiary stage
	Model	First point	R^2	Model	End point	R^2	Model	R^2
HMA	εp = 0.0297 N^0.5542	547	0.99	εp = 0.981 + 0.001 (N-547)	1,309	0.99	εp = 1.755 + 2.3842(^(N-1309)−1)	0.98
LEA	εp = 0.0293 N^0.6337	145	0.99	εp = 0.684 + 0.0026 (N-145)	427	0.99	εp = 1.43 + 1.7223 (^(N-427)−1)	0.99
LEA +%10 CR	εp = 0.0205 N^0.5414	997	0.98	εp = 0.867 + 0.0005 (N-997)	2,143	0.99	εp = 1.456 + 1.0096 (e^0.00056 (N-2143)−1)	0.99
LEA + %15 CR	εp = 0.0167 N^0.52591	1,282	0.99	εp = 0.725 + 0.0003 (N-1282)	3,016	0.98	εp = 1.246 + 1.1822 (e^0.00026 (N-3016)−1)	0.98
LEA + %20 CR	εp = 0.0606 N^0.4953	355	0.99	εp = 1.107 + 0.0015 (N-355)	754	0.99	εp = 1.716 + 1.5257 (^(N-754)−1)	0.99