An Overview of the Utilization of Common Waste as an Alternative Fuel in the Cement Industry

<table class="table-group" id="tab8"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="9"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">SiO<sub>2</sub></td><td class="align_center">Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></td><td class="align_center">CaO</td><td class="align_center">MgO</td><td class="align_center">MnO</td><td class="align_center">P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></td><td class="align_center">K<sub>2</sub>O</td><td class="align_center">TiO<sub>2</sub></td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 27.1741ptpx;"><svg height="10.335pt" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-0.2325001pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.1025 27.1741 10.335" width="27.1741pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M495 163C480 117 462 85 444 65C421 39 387 34 332 34C290 34 256 36 236 47C218 57 213 77 213 131V526C213 612 222 616 301 622V650H40V622C122 616 128 611 128 526V126C128 41 120 34 36 28V0H489C498 31 519 126 525 157L495 163Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.89,0)"><path d="M381 665C170 665 44 498 44 318C44 125 188 -15 369 -15C552 -15 703 117 703 333C703 534 550 665 381 665ZM359 629C491 629 601 517 601 306C601 114 502 21 390 21C249 21 146 158 146 346S248 629 359 629Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,16.483,0)"><path d="M303 0V28C221 34 213 39 213 125V525C213 610 221 616 303 622V650H38V622C120 616 128 610 128 525V125C128 40 120 34 38 28V0H303Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.995,-5.741)"><path d="M486 158C486 177 478 202 466 220C413 228 386 236 336 262C386 288 413 297 466 304C478 323 486 347 485 366C470 376 444 381 422 380C389 338 368 319 321 288C323 345 329 372 349 422C339 442 322 461 305 470C289 461 271 442 262 422C281 372 287 345 290 288C243 319 222 338 189 380C167 381 142 376 125 366C125 347 133 322 145 304C198 296 225 288 275 262C225 236 198 227 145 220C133 201 125 177 126 158C141 148 167 143 189 144C222 186 243 205 290 236C288 179 282 152 262 102C272 82 289 63 306 54C322 63 340 82 350 102C330 152 324 179 321 236C368 205 390 186 422 144C444 143 470 148 486 158Z"></path></g></svg></span></td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="9"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">3.72</td><td class="align_center">2.56</td><td class="align_center">7.62</td><td class="align_center">0.60</td><td class="align_center">0.05</td><td class="align_center">6.43</td><td class="align_center">0.53</td><td class="align_center">0.23</td><td class="align_center">66.45</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="9"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="table-fn"><td><div><svg height="10.1524pt" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-0.04990005pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.1025 8.3578 10.1524" width="8.3578pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,2.179,-5.741)"><path d="M486 158C486 177 478 202 466 220C413 228 386 236 336 262C386 288 413 297 466 304C478 323 486 347 485 366C470 376 444 381 422 380C389 338 368 319 321 288C323 345 329 372 349 422C339 442 322 461 305 470C289 461 271 442 262 422C281 372 287 345 290 288C243 319 222 338 189 380C167 381 142 376 125 366C125 347 133 322 145 304C198 296 225 288 275 262C225 236 198 227 145 220C133 201 125 177 126 158C141 148 167 143 189 144C222 186 243 205 290 236C288 179 282 152 262 102C272 82 289 63 306 54C322 63 340 82 350 102C330 152 324 179 321 236C368 205 390 186 422 144C444 143 470 148 486 158Z"></path></g></svg>Loss on ignition at 1,000°C.<br/></div></td></tr></table>

<div>Chemical composition of dried SS [<a href="/journals/ace/2023/7127007/#B101" target="_blank">101</a>].</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

tab8

Table 8

Table 8: An Overview of the Utilization of Common Waste as an Alternative Fuel in the Cement Industry 