Effect of SiO₂ Methyl Modification on the Performance of Nondispersible Underwater Concrete and Reinforcement Mechanism

Table 13

Surface free energy and components of test water samples (×10⁻⁵ N cm⁻¹).

Category	Water–diiodomethane			Glycerin–diiodomethane			Average surface free energy
										/
P-1 (in-air)	25.39	7.53	32.92	26.14	7.29	33.43	25.77	7.41	33.18	0.22
P-2 (underwater)	26.09	10.17	36.26	26.74	8.41	35.15	26.42	9.29	35.71	0.26
Z-1 (in-air)	26.56	20.21	46.77	27.89	15.36	43.25	27.23	17.79	45.01	0.40
Z-2 (underwater)	29.29	18.78	48.07	31.50	11.62	43.12	30.40	15.20	45.60	0.33