Cyclic Behavior of Square CFST Columns-Based Joint

Figure 7

Failure modes of specimens: (a) local buckling, (b) final state, (c) local buckling, (d) final state, (e) local buckling, (f) final state, (g) local buckling, (h) final state, (i) local buckling, (j) final state, (k) local buckling, and (l) final state.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

(k)

(l)