Research Article
Freezing Damage Control of Railway Subgrade Miniature Shields in Cold Climatic Regions: Construction Technology Optimization via Numerical Simulation
Table 3
Material parameters of each structure.
| Structure | Density (kg/m3) | Modulus of elasticity, E (MPa) | Poisson’s ratio μ |
| Ballast | 2,200 | 700 | 0.26 | Base bed filler | 2,300 | 30 | 0.2 | Concrete | 2,100 | 34,500 | 0.25 | Steel pipe | 7,850 | 210,000 | 0.25 | PE tube | 2,000 | 1.07 | 0.41 |
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