Enhancing Seismic Performance: A Comprehensive Study on Masonry and Reinforced Concrete Structures Considering Soil Properties and Environmental Impact Assessment

Table 3

Lifecycle assessment of retrofitting the masonry building.

Indicators (parameters)	Ecocosts (€)	Carbon footprint (kg) CO2 eq.
Steel rebar (reinforcement)	1,286.41	5,696.98
Cement	773.73	4,096.22
Sand	5.46	20.94
Crushed aggregates	39.98	145.39
Transportation	9.51	34.47
Electricity and gas	72.73	439.06
Total	2,187.83	10,433.05