Analyzing the Mechanical, Durability, and Microstructural Impact of Partial Cement Replacement with Pumice Powder and Bamboo Leaf Ash in Concrete

Table 4

Oxide composition of national OPC cement, PP, and BLA.

Oxide	National OPC	VPP	BLA
Composition (%)	Cement	(Appendix C1)	(Appendix C2)
SiO2	26.02	61.06	68.12
Al2O3	5.09	18.13	4.92
Fe2O3	3.48	5.4	1.36
CaO	60.4	2.12	6.02
MgO	1.76	0.34	1.52
Na2O	0.34	3.9	0.66
K2O	0.56	4.04	0.16
MnO	0.04	0.16	0.12
P2O5	0.1	0.32	1.46
TiO2	0.16	0.1	0.01
H2O	0.39	0.63	2.39
LOI	1.89	4.68	14.25
SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3	—	84.59	74.4