Performance of Diaphragm Walls during Ultra-Deep Excavations in Karst Areas: Field Monitoring Analysis

Table 1

Soil properties of clay and sand in the excavation site.

Soils	Density; (g/cm^3)	Water content; (%)	Void ratio	Cohesion; (kPa)	Friction angle; (°)	Coefficient of compressibility; (MPa^−1)	Modulus of compressibility; (MPa)	Deformation modulus; (MPa)
Fill	1.90	28.80	0.810	19.40	6.80	0.40	4.50	10.0
Muddy clay	1.57	67.20	1.860	6.21	2.97	1.63	1.97	3.0
Silty clay	1.88	28.94	0.840	21.58	9.44	0.44	4.51	10.0
Sand	1.90	—	0.700	0	30.00	—	9.50	12.0