The welfare of a country or society is directly related to the performance of its critical infrastructure (CI), especially when tested by different extreme events. The increasing number of catastrophic events, such as terrorist attacks or natural disasters, for example, tsunamis, fires, or floods), has alerted nations worldwide to take measures to prevent or reduce the possible consequences of these situations. CI is commonly defined as the facilities, systems, and assets essential for the maintenance of vital social functions, including telecommunications, electric power generation and distribution, transportation, water supply systems, and emergency services. These CIs have become a large interconnected system and their incapacity or destruction may significantly impact the well-being of society.

The adaptation of CI and the built environment to climate change is essential to enhance their resilience. To achieve this, CI needs to be more flexible, modular, and diverse to minimize the effects of the disruption caused by extreme events, and needs to increase robustness, redundancy, and adaptivity to decrease recovery times after the event. Some elements of general resilience are implicit in the literature of extreme events. Recent studies have focused on four policy needs to manage environmental disasters: make information about the risk of environmental disaster more easily accessible, use land and housing markets to induce people to locate in appropriate areas and take preventive measures, provide adequate infrastructure and public services to reduce vulnerabilities, and build institutions that permit public oversight of disaster preparedness and disaster response. However, the management of critical infrastructure and the response society has to depend on the combination of different variable parameters, such as technical, environmental, historic, economic, and societal backgrounds, that have not yet been considered.

The aim of this Special Issue is to showcase recent advances in the minimization of issues related to extreme events and in increasing the resilience of critical infrastructures for a society more climate change adaptative. We welcome both original research and review articles.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Management of all critical infrastructures which are key for the proper work of society in general, including health care, energy systems, financial sector, telecommunication, water systems, and transportation systems
• The use of data science and satellite information to model climate change scenarios and their effect son existing critical infrastructure
• Modeling and forecasting of extreme events of man-made, such as vehicle crashes or terrorism, or natural origin, such as floods or wildfires, and their impact on existing critical infrastructure
• Combining geographic information systems (GIS) with building information modeling (BIM) for the correct management of current civil infrastructure
• Integration of GIS and BIM databases
• The use of digital twins for developing virtual extreme event scenarios
• Assessing and representing in a GIS framework the vulnerability of existing critical infrastructures to extreme events of different nature
• Assessing and representing in a GIS framework the risk, addressing the direct and indirect consequences, and the resilience, at a system and network level, of existing critical infrastructures to extreme events of different nature by considering different post-shock recovery models
• Interdependency analysis among affected critical infrastructures
• Efficient management of current critical infrastructure
• Intervention and inspection planning combining decision supporting systems with predictive modeling for long-term deterioration, as well as the effects of extreme events and the intervention cost end effects, in a system or network basis