Research Article

Hiding Information in Reversible English Transforms for a Blind Receiver

Table 9

Example of the transformation process applied to the sentence “If Sara wants strawberries, she can have some.” The sentence was transformed to “Since Sara wants strawberries, she can definitely have some” which embeds the 9 bits of a secret message: 0 00 0 1 0 10 1.

CategoryNumber of bits TransformBit encoding of the sentence: “If Sara wants strawberries, she can have some” Bit

(I) Conditional1(1) Subordinate conjunction (if) in 1st clauseIf Sara wants strawberries, she can have some0
She can have some, if Sara wants strawberries1
2(2) Pronoun (she) in the 2nd clauseIf Sara wants strawberries, she can have some00
If she wants strawberries, Sara can have some01
If Sara wants some, she can have strawberries10
If she wants some, Sara can have strawberries01
1(3) p-type or q-type (if p, q)If Sara wants strawberries, she can have some0
For Sara to have some strawberries, she has to want them1
1(4) Synonym pair (if and since are interchangeable)If Sara wants strawberries, she can have some0
Since Sara wants strawberries, she can have some1

(II) Adverb insertions1(5) Adverb before the subject “she”If Sara wants strawberries, she can have some0
If Sara wants strawberries, tomorrow she can have some1
2(6) Adverbs before the main verbs “wants” and “can”If Sara wants strawberries, she can have some00
If Sara really wants strawberries, she can have some01
If Sara wants strawberries, she can definitely have some10
If Sara really wants strawberries, she can definitely have some11
1(7) Adverb after the object “some”If Sara wants strawberries, she can have some later0
If Sara wants strawberries, she can have some later1

Total 9 bitsFinal sentence “Since Sara wants strawberries, she can definitely have some later”