Design of Optimal Proportional Integral Derivative Based Power System Stabilizer Using Bat Algorithm

Table 9

EMOs with least damping factor for Plant-1 with CPSS [41], ILMI-PID-PSS [18], and proposed BA-PID-PSS.

Controller	Eigenvalue	Dam. factor	Freq.
CPSS [41]	−0.63261 ± 7.241	0.087033	1.1524
	−0.69844 ± 7.8906	0.08817	1.2558
	−0.47113 ± 4.1411	0.11304	0.65907
	−9.1938 ± 19.344	0.42927	3.0786
ILMI-PID-PSS [18]	−0.45173 ± 11.077	0.040747	1.763
	−0.87931 ± 8.3531	0.10469	1.3294
	−2.0076 ± 4.629	0.39789	0.73673
	−7.9106 ± 17.918	0.40387	2.8518
BA-PID-PSS (prop.)	−0.78886 ± 12.602	0.062476	2.0056
	−1.2327 ± 11.513	0.10647	1.8323
	−5.6764 ± 18.295	0.29633	2.9118
	−6.3388 ± 15.563	0.37722	2.4769