Appling the Roulette Wheel Selection Approach to Address the Issues of Premature Convergence and Stagnation in the Discrete Differential Evolution Algorithm

Table 14

Best values of the gap found by the proposed EDDE algorithm and others algorithms.

Instances of QAP	ACO [37]	BA [37]	GA [37]	PSO [37]	Modified PSO [37]	TS [37]	Our proposed EDDE algorithm
nug8a	0.00	0.00	0.42	0.19	0.84	3.00	0.00
nug12	0.00	4.95	7.44	3.98	4.22	5.96	0.00
tai12a	0.00	9.07	11.11	10.86	9.49	7.63	0.00
esc16a	0.00	2.65	6.76	6.47	2.94	2.94	0.00
tai20a	1.02	11.90	13.36	13.00	10.58	5.07	0.00
nug28	0.74	16.10	18.11	16.21	13.16	4.26	0.36
tai30a	2.22	12.24	13.22	12.21	10.91	5.27	0.00
esc32e	0.00	0.00	17.50	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02
Average	0.498	7.114	10.990	7.865	6.518	4.266	0.004