Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Morphology and Piezoresponse Characterisation of Poly(vinylidene
fluoride-trifluoroethylene) Films via Scanning Probe Microscopy
Figure 2
Surface topography obtained by AFM for films annealed at (a) 125°C, (b) 150°C, and (c) 180°C. White regions are higher than black regions. The scan size is (a) 1 × 1 μm and (b), (c) 5 × 5 μm. The black to white contrast is (a) 12 nm, (b) 50 nm, and (c) 30 nm. (d), (e), and (f) PFM phase image of the corresponding area after background poling at +20 V tip bias followed by a poling of a smaller square at −15 V tip bias. c− domains are purple, and c+ domains are yellow.
