Effect of Lidocaine and Epinephrine on Human Erythrocyte Shape and Vesiculability of Blood Cells
Table 3
Effect of lidocaine/epinephrine (L/E) and its components lidocaine (L) and epinephrine (E) on erythrocyte shapes.
Substance tested; number of the sample; observer
Sample size
Test sample
Control sample
Difference between test sample and control sample
Test/control
: % discocytes (SD)
: % echinocytes (SD)
: % stomatocytes (SD)
: % discocytes (SD)
: % echinocytes (SD)
: % stomatocytes (SD)
(%) (probability, power)
(%) (probability, power)
(%) (probability, power)
L/E; 1; a
51/46
0.32 (0.41)
0.00 (0.00)
0.66 (0.42)
0.84 (0.24)
0.13 (0.21)
0.00 (0.03)
−0.52 (<10−8, 1)
−0.13 (<10−8, 0.99)NP
0.66 (<10−8, 1)
L/E; 1; b
51/46
0.39 (0.40)
0.02 (0.15)
0.56 (0.41)
0.83 (0.25)
0.15 (0.21)
0.00 (0.00)
−0.44 (<10−8, 1)
−0.13 (2 ⋅ 10−3, 0.99)NP
0.56 (<10−8, 1)
L/E; 2; a
54/49
0.15 (0.18)
0.00 (0.00)
0.85 (0.18)
0.97 (0.06)
0.02 (0.06)
0.01 (0.02)
−0.82 (<10−8, 1)
−0.02 (3 ⋅ 10−3, 0.65*)NP
0.84 (<10−8, 1)
L/E; 2; b
54/49
0.10 (0.11)
0.00 (0.00)
0.90 (0.11)
0.97 (0.05)
0.03 (0.03)
0.00 (0.03)
−0.87 (<10−8, 1)
−0.03 (<10−8, 1)NP
0.90 (<10−8, 1)
L; 1; a
50/46
0.01 (0.05)
0.00 (0.00)
0.99 (0.05)
0.78 (0.14)
0.22 (0.14)
0.00 (0.00)
−0.77 (<10−8, 1)
−0.22 (<10−8, 1)NP
0.99 (<10−8, 1)
L; 1; b
50/46
0.02 (0.06)
0.00 (0.00)
0.98 (0.06)
0.79 (0.13)
0.21 (0.13)
0.00 (0.00)
−0.77 (<10−8, 1)
−0.21 (<10−8, 1)NP
0.98 (<10−8, 1)
L; 2; a
51/49
0.02 (0.05)
0.00 (0.00)
0.98 (0.05)
0.97 (0.06)
0.02 (0.06)
0.01 (0.02)
−0.95 (<10−8, 1)
−0.02 (<10−8, 0.65*)NP
0.97 (<10−8, 1)
L; 2; b
51/49
0.04 (0.06)
0.00 (0.00)
0.96 (0.06)
0.97 (0.05)
0.03 (0.03)
0.00 (0.03)
−0.93 (<10−8, 1)
−0.03 (<10−8, 0.90)NP
0.96 (<10−8, 1)
E; 1; a
49/46
0.00 (0.02)
1.00 (0.02)
0.00 (0.00)
0.84 (0.24)
0.13 (0.21)
0.00 (0.03)
−0.84 (<10−8, 1)
0.87 (<10−8, 1)
NANP
E; 1; b
49/46
0.02 (0.08)
0.98 (0.08)
0.00 (0.00)
0.83 (0.25)
0.14 (0.22)
0.00 (0.00)
−0.81 (<10−8, 1)
0.84 (<10−8, 1)
NANP
E; 2; a
49/51
0.01 (0.03)
0.99 (0.03)
0.00 (0.00)
0.99 (0.03)
0.00 (0.01)
0.01 (0.03)
−0.98 (<10−8, 1)
0.99 (<10−8, 1)
NANP
E; 2; b
49/51
0.09 (0.10)
0.91 (0.10)
0.00 (0.00)
0.99 (0.02)
0.01 (0.02)
0.00 (0.00)
−0.90 (<10−8, 1)
0.99 (<10−8, 1)
NANP
SD: standard deviation; NA: nonapplicable, as there were less than 1% of cells of the given type in both samples; NP: nonprevailing shape type. , and : relative numbers of discocytes, echinocytes, and stomatocytes in the sample, respectively; , and : difference between the relative number of discocytes, echinocytes, and stomatocytes, respectively, in the treated samples and in the corresponding control samples. For each substance (L/E, L, or E), results from two independent samples (1 and 2) assessed by two blinded observers (a and b) are shown. Statistical power was calculated at = 0.05. Asterisk denotes insufficient statistical power of the difference between the samples.
