Generation of (3, 1) Vector Signal Based on Probabilistic Shaping Technology without Precoding

Figure 5

Constellation for the 4 Gbit/s over 5 km SMF transmission when the received optical power is −27 dBm: (a) the constellation of the original signal; (b) the constellation after clock extraction; (c) the constellation after CMMA; (d) the constellation after BPS.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)