Mesenchymal Stem Cells as New Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Figure 2

MSC-based attenuation of immune response in PBC. MSCs modulate immune response and attenuate PBC by producing TGF-β that resulted in an increased expansion of Tregs and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Additionally, MSCs attenuate production of inflammatory cytokines, particularly IFN-γ, and suppress Th1 immune response including inhibition of IFN-γ-producing CD4+Th1 cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes, NK, and NKT cells.