Cell Therapies in Cardiomyopathy: Current Status of Clinical Trials

Table 2

Putative paracrine factors released by stem-like cells.

Putative paracrine factor	Symbol	Proposed function	Reference
ABI family member 3 binding protein	ABI3BP	Cell development; tissue remodeling	[18]
Adipocyte complement-related protein	ADIPOQ	Cell growth; angiogenesis; tissue remodeling	[19]
Angiopoietin 1	AGPT 1	Angiogenesis	[20, 21]
Angiopoietin 2	AGPT 2	Angiogenesis	[20]
Agouti-related protein	AgRP	Homeostasis	[19]
Angiogenin	ANG	Angiogenesis; proliferation	[18, 19]
Bone morphogenetic protein 2	BMP2	Cell development	[19, 20]
Bone morphogenetic protein 4	BMP4	Cell development; differentiation	[20]
Chemokine ligand 23	CCL23	Cytoprotection; cell proliferation	[19]
Colony stimulating factor	CSF1	Cell proliferation; differentiation	[20]
Chemokine ligand 13	CXCL13	Inflammation; cell development	[19]
Fibrillin 1	FBN1	Structural protein; cell signal	[19]
Fibroblast growth factor 1	FGF1	Cell proliferation; migration	[18–20, 22]
Fibroblast growth factor 2	FGF2	Cell proliferation; migration	[20]
Fibroblast growth factor 6	FGF6	Cell proliferation; angiogenesis; differentiation	[19]
Fibroblast growth factor 7	FGF7	Cell proliferation	[19]
Hypoxic-induced Akt regulated stem cell factor	HASF	Cytoprotection; cell proliferation	[18]
Hepatocyte growth factor	HGF	Cell migration; angiogenesis; cytoprotection	[18, 20, 22]
Insulin-like growth factor 1	IGF1	Cell growth; proliferation; cytoprotection	[18, 20, 23, 24]
Interleukin 1	IL1	Inflammation; cell signal	[20]
Interleukin 2	IL2	Inflammation; cytoprotection; proliferation; differentiation	[25]
Interleukin 5	IL5	Inflammation; cytoprotection; proliferation; differentiation	[19]
Interleukin 6	IL6	Inflammation; cell signal	[20, 22, 25]
Interleukin 8	IL8	Inflammation	[25]
Interleukin 10	IL10	Inflammation; cell signal	[19]
Interleukin 12B	IL12B	Inflammation; cytoprotection; cell growth	[25]
Interleukin 16	IL16	Inflammation; proliferation	[25]
Inhibin beta A	INHBA	Cell signal; cell growth	[19]
Integrin β1	ITGβ1	Cell signal; cell attachment	[20]
MicroRNA 132	miR-132	Inflammation; angiogenesis; cell development	[26]
MicroRNA 146a	miR-146a	Cell growth; proliferation	[26, 27]
MicroRNA 210	miR-210	Angiogenesis; cytoprotection	[26]
Matrix metalloproteinase 2	MMP2	Extracellular matrix degradation	[20, 28]
Matrix metalloproteinase 3	MMP3	Extracellular matrix degradation	[25]
Matrix metalloproteinase 9	MMP9	Extracellular matrix degradation	[20, 28]
Matrix metalloproteinase 27	MMP27	Extracellular matrix degradation	[19]
Nerve growth factor	NGF	Cytoprotection	[20]
Neuregulin	NRG	Angiogenesis; cell proliferation	[18]
Netrin G1	NTNG1	Cell development	[19]
Orosomucoid 2	ORM2	Inflammation	[19]
Platelet-derived growth factor	PDGF	Cell proliferation; angiogenesis	[18, 20]
Prostaglandin E2	PGE2	Cell development; cell proliferation	[18]
Periostin	POSTN	Cell proliferation	[18]
Resistin	RETN	Cell signal	[19]
Stromal derived factor	SDF	Cell development; angiogenesis	[18, 22]
Secreted frizzled related protein 1	SFRP1	Cell development	[19]
Secreted frizzled related protein 2	SFRP2	Cell development; tissue remodeling; cytoprotection	[18]
Transforming growth factor β	TGFβ	Angiogenesis; cell proliferation	[18, 20, 24]
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase	TIMP	Cell migration; extracellular matrix degradation	[20]
Tumor necrosis factor	TNF	Cell proliferation; extracellular matrix degradation	[20]
Vascular endothelial growth factor	VEGF	Angiogenesis; cytoprotection; proliferation	[18, 20, 24]
Von Willebrand factor	VWF	Cytoprotection	[19]