Actin-Binding Proteins as Potential Biomarkers for Chronic Inflammation-Induced Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

Figure 1

A process of chronic inflammation inducing various cancers. Inflammasomes are innate immune system receptors and sensors that recognize multiple microbial stress and injury signals, thereby directly activating caspase-1, inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and ultimately leading to the occurrence of inflammation-related diseases. Humoral immunity and cellular immunity are out of balance, the overall expression of IC and Ig related to cellular immunity increases, and the Th1 response and Th2 response related to decent immunity show an overall downward trend, with increased expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IFN-γ IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13. Inflammation activates angiogenesis and the tissue repair response, induces the proliferation of precancerous cells and the formation of an inflammatory tumor microenvironment, and promotes the proliferation of precancerous cells, which evolve into cancer cells and then metastasize and spread, resulting in multitissue and organ carcinogenesis. IC: immune complex; Ig: immunoglobulin; Th: helper T cell; IL: interleukin; IFN-γ: interferon-γ. [24, 145–148].