Gallbladder Cancer Cell-Derived Exosome-Mediated Transfer of Leptin Promotes Cell Invasion and Migration by Modulating STAT3-Mediated M2 Macrophage Polarization

Figure 4

Exosome-enclosed leptin promotes macrophage to M2 subtype via STAT3. (a) Western blot assay showed the expression of STAT3 and p-STAT3 in macrophage with PBS or GBC-SD cell-derived exosomes. The p-STAT3 expression was quantified. (b) Western blot assay showed the expression of STAT3 and p-STAT3 in macrophage treated with exosomes form si-control or si-leptin-transfected GBC-SD cell. The p-STAT3 expression was quantified. (c) Western blot assay showed the expression of STAT3 and p-STAT3 in macrophage treated with exosomes form PBS, Exo or Exo+statti-transfected GBC-SD cell. The p-STAT3 expression was quantified. (d) qRT-PCR to detect the specific markers for M2-subtype macrophages in macrophage treated with PBS, or exosomes, or STAT3 inhibitor static. (e) Flow cytometry determining the percentage of CD163⁺CD206⁺ cells among total CD68⁺ cells after induction. (f) Transwell assay to detect invasion and migration of exosome- or static-treated GBC-SD cell. Invasion and migration of GBC-SD cell were quantified. Data in (a–f) are representative of three independent experiments; the value was determined by Student’s test or one-way ANOVA.

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