May Diet and Dietary Supplements Improve the Wellness of Multiple Sclerosis Patients? A Molecular Approach

Figure 2

Schematic representation of biological responses to nutrients and cellular outcomes. Influence of some natural dietary compounds and some common drugs on cell transcriptional activity in metabolism and inflammation. PPAR: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor; LXR: liver X receptor; RXR: retinoid X-receptor; NF-κB: nuclear transcription factor-κB; SREBP: steroid regulatory element-binding protein; ChREBP: carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein; Sirtuins: SIRT-1/2 deacetylating enzyme; AMPK: AMP Protein Kinase; MMP: metalloproteinase; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; ROS: reactive oxygen species; ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule: VCAM-1: vascular adhesion molecule; n-3 PUFA, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.