Autoimmune Diseases
Volume 2011 (2011), Article ID 134592, 6 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/134592
Research Article
The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Production and Cell Migration in Human Immune Cells: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis
1Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, CR 120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
2Research Division, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA
Received 2 April 2011; Accepted 23 May 2011
Academic Editor: D. N. Bourdette
Copyright © 2011 Lynne Shinto et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Linked References
- D. A. Hafler and H. L. Weiner, “Immunologic mechanisms and therapy in multiple sclerosis,” Immunological Reviews, no. 144, pp. 75–107, 1995. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. Martin, H. F. McFarland, and D. E. McFarlin, “Immunological aspects of demyelinating diseases,” Annual Review of Immunology, vol. 10, pp. 153–187, 1992. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- Y. Morales, J. E. Parisi, and C. F. Lucchinetti, “The pathology of multiple sclerosis: evidence for heterogeneity,” Advances in Neurology, vol. 98, pp. 27–45, 2006. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- L. Kappos, E. W. Radue, P. O'Connor et al., “A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 362, no. 5, pp. 387–401, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group, “Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. I. Clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial,” Neurology, vol. 43, no. 4 I, pp. 655–661, 1993. View at Google Scholar
- L. D. Jacobs, D. L. Cookfair, R. A. Rudick et al., “Intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis,” Annals of Neurology, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 285–294, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed
- K. P. Johnson, B. R. Brooks, J. A. Cohen et al., “Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing- remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a phase III multicenter, double- blind, placebo-controlled trial,” Neurology, vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 1268–1276, 1995. View at Google Scholar
- PRISMS and S. Group, “Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of interferon β-1a in relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis,” Lancet, vol. 352, no. 9139, pp. 1498–1504, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- M. Niino, C. Bodner, M. L. Simard et al., “Natalizumab effects on immune cell responses in multiple sclerosis,” Annals of Neurology, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 748–754, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- R. A. Rudick, J. C. Lee, J. Simon, and E. Fisher, “Significance of T2 lesions in multiple sclerosis: a 13-year longitudinal study,” Annals of Neurology, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 236–242, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- D. Leppert, R. L. P. Lindberg, L. Kappos, and S. L. Leib, “Matrix metalloproteinases: multifunctional effectors of inflammation in multiple sclerosis and bacterial meningitis,” Brain Research Reviews, vol. 36, no. 2-3, pp. 249–257, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. A. Lee, J. Palace, G. Stabler, J. Ford, A. Gearing, and K. Miller, “Serum gelatinase B, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels in multiple sclerosis. A longitudinal clinical and MRI study,” Brain, vol. 122, no. 2, pp. 191–197, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. Trojano, C. Avolio, G. M. Liuzzi et al., “Changes of serum sICAM-1 and MMP-9 induced by rIFNβ-1b treatment in relapsing-remitting MS,” Neurology, vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 1402–1408, 1999. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- E. Waubant, D. E. Goodkin, L. Gee et al., “Serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels are related to MRI activity in relapsing multiple sclerosis,” Neurology, vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 1397–1401, 1999. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Bar-Or, R. K. Nuttall, M. Duddy et al., “Analyses of all matrix metalloproteinase members in leukocytes emphasize monocytes as major inflammatory mediators in multiple sclerosis,” Brain, vol. 126, no. 12, pp. 2738–2749, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- A. Dressel, D. Mirowska-Guzel, C. Gerlach, and F. Weber, “Migration of T-cell subsets in multiple sclerosis and the effect of interferon-β1a,” Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, vol. 116, no. 3, pp. 164–168, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- D. Leppert, E. Waubant, M. R. Bürk, J. R. Oksenberg, and S. L. Hauser, “Interferon beta-1b inhibits gelatinase secretion and in vitro migration of human T cells: a possible mechanism for treatment efficacy in multiple sclerosis,” Annals of Neurology, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 846–852, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- O. Stüve, N. P. Dooley, J. H. Uhm et al., “Interferon β-1b decreases the migration of T lymphocytes in vitro: effects on matrix metalloproteinase-9,” Annals of Neurology, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 853–863, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- V. Gallai, P. Sarchielli, A. Trequattrini et al., “Cytokine secretion and eicosanoid production in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients undergoing dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,” Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 143–153, 1995. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- C. L. Curtis, S. G. Rees, J. Cramp et al., “Effects of n-3 fatty acids on cartilage metabolism,” Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 381–389, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- M. A. Harris, R. A. Hansen, P. Vidsudhiphan et al., “Effects of conjugated linoleic acids and docosahexaenoic acid on rat liver and reproductive tissue fatty acids, prostaglandins and matrix metalloproteinase production,” Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 23–29, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- A. J. McCabe, J. Wallace, W. S. Gilmore, J. J. Strain, and H. McGlynn, “The effect of eicosapentanoic acid on matrix metalloproteinase gene expression,” Lipids, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. S217–S218, 1999. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- G. M. Liuzzi, T. Latronico, R. Rossano, S. Viggiani, A. Fasano, and P. Riccio, “Inhibitory effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on MMP-9 release from microglial cells—implications for complementary multiple sclerosis treatment,” Neurochemical Research, vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 2184–2193, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- L. Shinto, G. Marracci, S. Baldauf-Wagner et al., “Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation decreases matrix metalloproteinase-9 production in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis,” Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, vol. 80, no. 2-3, pp. 131–136, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- G. H. Marracci, R. E. Jones, G. P. McKeon, and D. N. Bourdette, “Alpha lipoic acid inhibits T cell migration into the spinal cord and suppresses and treats experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,” Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 131, no. 1-2, pp. 104–114, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. Lichtinghagen, T. Seifert, A. Kracke, S. Marckmann, U. Wurster, and F. Heidenreich, “Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and its inhibitors in mononuclear blood cells of patients with multiple sclerosis,” Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 19–26, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- V. Özenci, L. Rinaldi, N. Teleshova et al., “Metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in multiple sclerosis,” Journal of Autoimmunity, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 297–303, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- T. A. Marsen, M. Pollok, K. Oette, and C. A. Baldamus, “Pharmacokinetics of Omega-3-fatty acids during ingestion of fish oil preparations,” Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 191–196, 1992. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. Bates, N. E. F. Cartlidge, J. M. French et al., “A double-blind controlled trial of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of multiple sclerosis,” Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 18–22, 1989. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus