MicroRNAs and Multiple Sclerosis

Table 1

miRNA in immune functions.

miRNA	Expressing cells	Functions	Targets
Let-7e	macrophages	Innate immune response	TLR4
miR-9	myeloid cells	Immune response	NFK B1
miR-17-5p	myeloid cells	monocyte proliferation and differentiation	RUNX1
miR-17-92	B and T cells	B and T cell development	BIM, PTEN
miR-21	myeloid cells	macrophage activation	IL12a, PTEN, PDCD4
miR-34	DC and B cells	Myeloid DC differentiation	FOXP1, JAG1, WNT1
miR-125b	monocyte	Innate immune response, TLR signaling	TNF-α
miR-126	HSC	expansion of progenitor cells	HOXA9, PLK2
miR-132	monocyte	Innate immune response	not determined
miR-142	Treg cell	Suppresor function of Treg cells	AC9
miR-146a	monocyte	Innate immune response, TLR signaling	IRAK-1, IRAK-2, TRAF6
miR-150	B and T cells	mature B-cell production, T-cell activation	Myb
miR-155	B and T cells, DC	Innate and adaptive immune response	AID, BACH1, CEBPB, CSFR
		macrophages germinal center response	c-MAF, FADD, IKK, JARID2,
		Ig G class-switch	PU.1, Ripk1, SOCS, TAB2
		Peripheral T cell development
miR-181a	T cells	T cell receptor signaling	AID, BCL2, CD69, DUSP5
		B cell development	DUSP6, PTPN22, SHP2
miR-181b	macrophages, B cells	B cell class switch	AID
miR-196b	HSC	Hematopoietic stem-cell homeostasis	HOX
miR-223	myeloid cells	Granulopoiesis	MEF2C
miR-326	T cells	TH-17 cells development	ETS1
miR-424	myeloid cells	monocyte differentiation and maturation	NFIA, PU.1

AC9: adenylate cyclase 9; AID: Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase; BACH1: BTB and CNC homology 1, basic leucine zipper transcription factor 1; BCL2: B-cell lymphoma 2; BIM: BCL2-like 11; CEBPB: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta; CSFR: Colony stimulating factor receptor; c-MAF: musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog; DC: dendritic cell; DUSP5: Dual specificity protein phosphatase 5; DUSP6: Dual specificity protein phosphatase 6; ETS1: v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1; FADD: Fas-Associated protein with Death Domain; HSC: haematopoetic stem cell; HOX: Homeobox protein; HOXA9: Homeobox protein Hox-A9; FOXP1: Forkhead box P1; IKK: inhibitor of NF-kappaB kinase; IL12a: Interleukin-12 subunit alpha; IRAK-1: Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1; IRAK-2: Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2; JAG1: jagged 1; JARID2: Jumonji; Myb: Myb oncogene-like; MEF2C: Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C; NFIA: Nuclear factor 1 A-type; PDCD4: Programmed cell death protein 4; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; PLK2: pololike kinase 2; PTPN22: Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22; PU.1: spleen focus forming virus (SFFV) proviral integration oncogene spi1; Ripk1: Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1; RUNX1: Runt-related transcription factor; SHP2: SH2 domain containing protein thyrosine phosphatase; SOCS: Suppressor of cytokine signaling; TAB2: TAK1-associated binding protein 2 TRAF6: TNF receptor associated factor-6; TLR: Toll-like receptor; WNT1: wingless-related MMTV integration site 1.