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| Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) |
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Disease-triggering bacteria | Proteus mirabilis | Klebsiella pneumoniae |
Bacterial antigens | Hemolysin; Urease | Nitrogenase; Pullulanase |
Self-antigens* | HLA-DR4/1; collagen XI | HLA-B27; collagens I, III and IV |
Antibody isotypes | IgG | IgA and IgG |
Source of bacterial infections | Upper urinary tract | Large bowel |
Bacterial isolations | P. mirabilis isolated more significantly from urine of active RA patients | K. pneumonia microbes are more abundant in the large bowel of active AS patients |
Evidence for cytotoxic activities | Proteus antibodies are cytotoxic to cells coated with crossreactive self antigens | Klebsiella antibodies are cytotoxic to cells coated with crossreactive self antigens |
Countries** | England; Ireland; Scotland; USA; Canada; France; Norway; Bermuda; Japan; Taiwan; India; Netherlands; Spain; Russia and Finland | England; Scotland; USA; Canada; Slovakia; China; Netherlands; Turkey; Japan; Finland; Sweden; Mexico; Germany; Taiwan; India; Russia; Spain |
Microbial controlsΔ | Klebsiella, Escherichia, Yersinia, Salmonella, Chlamydia, Shigella, Pseudomonas, Campylobacters, and viruses | Proteus, Escherichia, Yersinia, Salmonella, Streptococci, Borrelia, Pseudomonas, Candida, and Campylobacters |
Disease controlsΔΔ | AS, systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, acute anterior uveitis, spondyloarthropathy | RA, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, reactive arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus |
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