Review Article
Role of Earthworms in Soil Fertility Maintenance through the Production of Biogenic Structures
Table 7
Nitrogen input/output budget during the cropping phase under 5- and 15-year Jhum cycle, (
SE,
) [
54].
| Nitrogen balance (kg ha-1 yr-1) in different shifting agriculture cycles | | 5-years | 15-years |
| INPUT | | | Slash | 27.60 (1.30) | 51.4 (3.6) | Organic manure | 14.0 (1.1) | — | Inorganic fertilizer | 0.80 (.04) | — | Crop biomass | 0.42 (.05) | 0.9 (.01) | Weed biomass | 2.85 (1.1) | 0.7 (.03) | Precipitation | 4.20 (.28) | 4.2 (.26) | Input subtotal | 49.90 | 57.2 | Worm casts | 27.0 (1.3) | 65.6 (4.8) | Worm tissues | 9.5 (.13) | 12.1 (1.4) | Mucus production | 75.9 (3.2) | 95.3 (4.5) | Input total | **112.4 | **173.0 | OUTPUT | | | Fire | 277.6 (23.2) | 657.9 (23.9) | Sediment | 158.0 (10.2) | 116.0 (4.5) | Percolation | 1.0 (.04) | 1.2 (.08) | Runoff | 7.3 (0.3) | 14.0 (1.3) | Weed removal | 14.25 (3.86) | 3.33 (.26) | Crop removal | 15.24 (1.28) | 43.52 (3.20) | Output total | 474.39 | 835.96 | Input-Output difference | 312.12 | 605.75 |
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