Mapping Agricultural Frozen Soil on the Watershed Scale Using Remote Sensing Data

Table 1

Soil classification and attributes of the 12 fields selected as training/validation sites.

Field no.	Soil series	Parent material	Soil drainage class	Surface texture	Land use	Number of pixels	Incidence angle (°)	Row direction (°)^(a)
1	Mawcook	Till	Poorly drained	Sandy loam	Untilled field	264	38.12	—
2	Mawcook	Till	Poorly drained	Sandy loam	Tilled field	272	38.12	45
3	Le Bras	Fluviolacustrine	Poorly drained	Loam	Untilled field	227	38.51	—
4	Le Bras	Fluviolacustrine	Poorly drained	Loam	Tilled field	230	38.51	155
5	Neubois	Fluviolacustrine	Moderate to imperfect	Loam	Untilled field	265	38.47	—
6	Neubois	Fluviolacustrine	Moderate to imperfect	Loam	Tilled field	264	38.47	155
7	Beaurivage	Fluvial	Moderate	Sandy loam	Untilled field	228	38.51	—
9	Woodbridge	Till	Moderate to imperfect	Loam	Untilled field	241	38.74	—
10	Woodbridge	Till	Moderate to imperfect	Loam	Tilled field	257	38.74	155
11	Organic soil	Organic	Very poorly drained	Organic	Tilled field	235	38.27	10
12	Beaurivage	Fluvial	Moderate	Sandy loam	Tilled field	228	38.52	52
14	Beaurivage	Fluvial	Well drained	Loamy sand	Untilled field	112	37.79	—

^(a)The direction of space-borne SAR sensor is considered equal to 0° of the compass dial.