Effects of Biosolids Application on Pasture and Grape Vines in South-Eastern Australia

Table 4

Soil Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations (mg/kg) at Pakenham immediately after the application of biosolids in 2004.

		Soil Cd concentration		Soil Cu concentration		Soil Zn concentration
Treatment	NLBAR^a	South East Water	Yarra Valley Water	South East Water	Yarra Valley Water	South East Water	Yarra Valley Water
1 (control)	0.0	0.17		9.6		9.1
2	0.5	0.17	0.17	12.2	8.4	16.0*	14.3*
3	1.0	0.18	0.17	11.0	10.5	21.5*	17.2*
4	1.5	0.25*	0.18	14.7*	15.4*	27.7*	23.9*
5	3.0	0.24*	0.21*	30.8*	17.0*	61.6*	24.8*
6	4.5	0.27*	0.21*	39.8*	21.1*	74.6*	37.4*
8 (fertiliser)	1.0	0.16		8		7.8
l.s.r^b (𝑃<.05)		1.23		1.46		1.46
RSCL^c		1.0		100		200

^aNitrogen limiting biosolids application rate.
^bLeast significant ratio—if the mean divided by the control value is greater than this ratio then the difference is statistically significant (𝑃<.05, *).
^cRSCL: receiving soil contaminant limit [27].