Research Article
Status and Causes of Soil Salinization of Irrigated Agricultural Lands in Southern Baja California, Mexico
Table 4
Physicochemical properties of soils in the investigated area.
| | | Particle size distribution (%) | | | | The amount of soluble salts in saturated extract (cmolc kg) | | Soil Horizon | Depth (cm) | Coarse sand | Fine sand | Silt | Clay | Soil Texure | pH | EC dS m | Cations | Anions | SAR (mmol L | | | | | | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | K+ | Na+ | | | | Cl | |
| Site 1-1; No cultivation (before application of diluted sulfuric acid)—November, 2002 |
| A1 | 0–10 | 73.42 | 22.58 | 2.91 | 1.09 | S | 8.17 | 0.49 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 1.07 | A2 | 10–20 | 53.72 | 39.51 | 3.38 | 3.39 | S | 8.04 | 0.57 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 1.78 | C11 | 20–30 | 57.66 | 36.02 | 2.21 | 4.11 | S | 8.05 | 0.80 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 1.00 | C12 | 30–40 | 66.44 | 26.66 | 4.63 | 2.27 | S | 8.10 | 0.61 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.90 | C21 | 40–50 | 68.98 | 25.30 | 3.50 | 2.22 | S | 8.14 | 0.68 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.97 | C22 | 50–60 | 65.09 | 30.33 | 3.55 | 1.03 | S | 8.02 | 0.54 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 1.52 | C31 | 60–80 | 73.54 | 22.85 | 3.11 | 0.50 | S | 8.05 | 0.42 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 1.26 | C32 | 80–90 | 65.36 | 29.82 | 3.28 | 1.54 | S | 7.90 | 0.32 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 1.14 | C41 | 90–105 | 69.82 | 26.26 | 2.85 | 1.07 | S | 7.98 | 0.35 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 1.59 | C42 | 105–115+ | 70.16 | 24.82 | 3.98 | 1.04 | S | 7.94 | 0.31 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 1.14 |
| Site 1-2; After cultivation of fulijol beans (after application of diluted sulfuric acid))—November, 2004 |
| Ap11 | 0–10 | 60.62 | 32.17 | 4.67 | 2.54 | S | 7.93 | 0.70 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 3.09 | Ap12 | 10–18 | 57.07 | 35.85 | 4.02 | 3.06 | S | 8.08 | 0.48 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 1.32 | Ap2 | 18–28 | 60.68 | 33.42 | 3.73 | 2.17 | S | 8.00 | 0.69 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 3.85 | C11 | 28–37 | 76.15 | 19.58 | 2.47 | 1.80 | S | 7.78 | 0.83 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.20 | 3.26 | C12 | 37–50/58 | 62.71 | 32.60 | 2.99 | 1.70 | S | 5.23 | 0.77 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.19 | 2.69 | C21 | 50/58–62 | 66.10 | 30.43 | 2.70 | 0.77 | S | 4.67 | 0.56 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.14 | 2.91 | C22 | 62–80 | 58.87 | 37.11 | 2.47 | 1.55 | S | 5.32 | 0.37 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 2.91 | C23 | 80–105 | 82.96 | 15.37 | 1.39 | 0.28 | S | 5.00 | 0.27 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 3.15 | C3 | 105–115+ | 79.63 | 17.45 | 1.36 | 1.56 | S | 7.03 | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 2.15 |
| Site 2; Under cultivation of chille guerito—November, 2002 |
| Ap1 | 0–8 | 20.94 | 61.06 | 8.88 | 9.12 | SL | 7.89 | 2.51 | 0.32 | 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.36 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 0.46 | 4.21 | Ap2 | 8–16 | 20.18 | 61.41 | 9.56 | 8.85 | SL | 7.86 | 1.29 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.17 | 3.23 | C11 | 16–29 | 21.25 | 59.39 | 9.82 | 9.54 | SL | 7.61 | 1.08 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 3.08 | C12 | 29–40 | 24.80 | 53.10 | 10.46 | 11.64 | SL | 7.58 | 0.72 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 2.65 | C21 | 40–55 | 26.99 | 49.74 | 10.31 | 12.96 | SL | 7.68 | 0.66 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 2.44 | C22 | 55–65/71 | 24.74 | 51.11 | 9.72 | 14.43 | SL | 7.79 | 0.68 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 2.38 | C3 | 65/71–75+ | 23.74 | 51.81 | 11.21 | 13.24 | SL | 8.17 | 0.66 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 2.48 |
| Site 3; Under cultivation of chille guerito—November, 2002 |
| Ap1 | 0–10 | 20.99 | 53.62 | 9.93 | 15.46 | SCL | 7.45 | 3.13 | 0.62 | 0.36 | 0.04 | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0.94 | 0.02 | 0.18 | 1.76 | Ap2 | 10–22 | 20.73 | 53.86 | 9.09 | 16.32 | SCL | 7.89 | 2.30 | 0.44 | 0.24 | 0.02 | 0.23 | 0.14 | 0.51 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 2.09 | C11 | 22–33 | 18.95 | 52.40 | 10.09 | 18.56 | SCL | 7.93 | 0.99 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.21 | 1.77 | C12 | 33–45 | 18.93 | 50.25 | 11.41 | 19.41 | SCL | 7.81 | 0.83 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.22 | 2.46 | C21 | 45–55 | 24.30 | 46.20 | 10.74 | 18.76 | SCL | 7.69 | 0.87 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.22 | 2.28 | C22 | 55–65 | 30.29 | 41.45 | 10.55 | 17.71 | SCL | 7.84 | 0.79 | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.22 | 2.48 | C3 | 65–75+ | 38.40 | 37.75 | 8.18 | 15.67 | SCL | 7.64 | 0.89 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.21 | 2.35 | Site 4-1; Under cultivation of chille guerito—November, 2002 |
| Ap1 | 0–10 | 3.30 | 40.68 | 25.84 | 30.18 | LiC | 8.10 | 5.25 | 0.70 | 0.64 | 0.15 | 2.36 | 0.65 | 0.37 | 0.17 | 2.31 | 11.87 | Ap2 | 10–22 | 3.01 | 43.87 | 25.57 | 27.55 | LiC | 8.45 | 2.93 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 1.44 | 0.18 | 0.51 | 0.22 | 0.59 | 22.03 | Bw | 22–35 | 2.79 | 35.92 | 25.72 | 35.57 | LiC | 8.15 | 9.45 | 0.60 | 0.68 | 0.24 | 6.49 | 2.18 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 5.09 | 31.23 | Bk | 35–46/49 | 1.84 | 36.28 | 25.97 | 35.91 | LiC | 7.56 | 42.00 | 3.94 | 7.55 | 0.52 | 25.03 | 2.27 | 0.37 | 0.11 | 27.90 | 41.49 | Bkm | 46/49–60+ | 2.12 | 35.48 | 25.25 | 37.15 | LiC | 7.68 | 30.50 | 1.90 | 4.14 | 0.71 | 19.94 | 2.03 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 19.81 | 44.10 |
| Site 4-2; Under cultivation of fulijol beans—November, 2002 |
| Ap1 | 0–10 | 5.83 | 45.45 | 21.97 | 26.75 | LiC | 7.99 | 18.15 | 2.31 | 0.54 | 0.37 | 11.91 | 4.43 | 0.36 | 0.13 | 9.03 | 40.89 | Ap2 | 10–20/25 | 5.47 | 46.50 | 22.02 | 26.01 | LiC | 8.16 | 3.97 | 0.97 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 1.86 | 1.77 | 0.26 | 0.15 | 0.48 | 10.49 | Bk | 20/25–39/41 | 2.63 | 41.11 | 22.96 | 33.30 | LiC | 8.22 | 11.93 | 1.71 | 0.25 | 0.35 | 10.36 | 10.76 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 1.30 | 39.57 | BC | 39/41–66/71 | 3.04 | 42.53 | 24.65 | 29.78 | LiC | 7.93 | 39.60 | 0.49 | 0.22 | 0.59 | 27.72 | 5.27 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 21.18 | 192.69 | Bkm | 66/71–75+ | 2.03 | 70.87 | 15.83 | 11.27 | SCL | 7.48 | 66.90 | 0.50 | 0.35 | 0.68 | 35.48 | 2.28 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 31.02 | 268.18 |
| Site 5; Under cultivation of chille guerito—November, 2002 |
| Ap1 | 0–5 | 9.86 | 9.09 | 27.40 | 53.65 | HC | 8.15 | 4.32 | 0.56 | 0.40 | 0.24 | 1.80 | 0.16 | 0.63 | 0.13 | 1.69 | 10.70 | Ap2 | 5–17/32 | 10.35 | 9.34 | 27.51 | 52.80 | HC | 8.58 | 1.81 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.81 | 0.09 | 0.36 | 0.21 | 0.31 | 9.78 | Bk11 | 17/32–35 | 12.93 | 8.62 | 23.56 | 54.89 | HC | 8.71 | 1.30 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.66 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.21 | 0.44 | 14.01 | Bk12 | 35–55 | 7.05 | 8.98 | 25.97 | 58.00 | HC | 8.38 | 6.97 | 0.30 | 0.45 | 0.24 | 5.07 | 1.06 | 0.00 | 0.23 | 4.26 | 29.53 | Bk2 | 55–60+ | 6.07 | 8.86 | 25.91 | 59.16 | HC | 8.25 | 10.50 | 0.44 | 0.80 | 0.28 | 7.95 | 1.04 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 7.29 | 36.23 |
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