Land Use Effects on Soil Quality Indicators: A Case Study of Abo-Wonsho Southern Ethiopia
Table 5
Exchangeable cations (cmol (+)/kg soil), cation exchange capacity (cmol (+)/kg soil), and percent base saturation (%) in relation to land use and soil depths (mean ± S.E).
Variables
Depth (cm)
Land use types
Overall
Protected forest
Open grassland
Farmland
Grazing land
Ex. Na+
0–10
0.06 (±0.003)
0.08 (±0.01)
0.04 (±0.01)
0.03 (±0.01)
0.05 (±0.01)a
10–20
0.10 (±0.03)
0.08 (±0.01)
0.04 (±0.005)
0.05 (±0.01)
0.07 (±0.01)a
Overall
0.08 (±0.016)c
0.08 (±0.005)bc
0.04 (±0.006)ab
0.04 (±0.005)a
Ex. K+
0–10
0.62 (±0.02)
0.32 (±0.07)
0.68 (±0.01)
0.36 (±0.07)
0.49 (±0.03)b
10–20
0.54 (±0.05)
0.28 (±0.07)
0.56 (±0.02)
0.28 (±0.06)
0.42 (±0.03)a
Overall
0.58 (±0.03)b
0.30 (±0.05)a
0.62 (±0.02)b
0.32 (±0.05)a
Ex. Ca2+
0–10
4.33 (±0.07)
2.69 (±0.60)
4.17 (±0.05)
3.32 (±0.12)
3.63 (±0.20)b
10–20
2.99 (±0.54)
2.38 (±0.68)
3.78 (±0.16)
2.68 (±0.40)
2.96 (±0.20)a
Overall
3.66 (±0.34)
2.54 (±0.43)a
3.98 (±0.10)b
3.00 (±0.23)ab
Ex. Mg2+
0–10
0.75 (±0.005)
0.61 (±0.07)
0.73 (±0.002)
0.76 (±0.04)
0.71 (±0.02)a
10–20
0.72 (±0.01)
0.49 (±0.11)
0.72 (±0.005)
0.70 (±0.01)
0.66 (±0.02)a
Overall
0.73 (±0.01)b
0.55 (±0.06)a
0.73 (±0.003)b
0.73 (±0.02)b
CEC
0–10
18.20 (±4.89)
10.44 (±2.06)
22.52 (±2.24)
15.52 (±2.69)
16.67 (±1.60)a
10–20
18.00 (±3.59)
16.40 (±1.85)
18.84 (±4.38)
12.44 (±2.52)
16.42 (±1.60)a
Overall
18.10 (±2.86)a
13.42 (±1.64)a
20.68 (±2.40)a
13.98 (±1.81)a
PBS
0–10
39.95 (±8.22)
39.25 (±9.42)
25.90 (±2.28)
34.32 (±8.39)
34.86 (±4.35)a
10–20
27.10 (±5.50)
21.09 (±5.74)
40.92 (±16.0)
34.54 (±7.88)
30.86 (±4.35)a
Overall
33.53 (±5.13)a
30.17 (±6.02)a
33.30 (±8.02)a
34.43 (±5.43)a
Overall means within rows and columns followed by different letters are significantly different () with respect to land use types and soil depths.
