Crop Diversity Effects on Near-Surface Soil Condition under Dryland Agriculture

Table 2

Crop diversity effects on electrical conductivity and soil pH at 0–10 cm for long-term crop and pasture treatments near Mandan, ND.

Soil property	Small grain-fallow	3 yr fixed rotation	5 yr fixed rotation	Dynamic rotation	Grazed pasture^†
Electrical conductivity (dS m^−1)	0.59 (0.14)	0.58 (0.03)	0.66 (0.06)	0.74 (0.04)	0.39 (0.01)
Soil pH (−log[H^+])	5.55 (0.16) a^‡	5.17 (0.06) b	5.37 (0.04) ab	5.51 (0.09) a	6.22 (0.03)

†Soil property values for grazed native vegetation with the same soil type are shown for comparison but were not included in statistical analyses.
^‡ Values in parentheses represent mean standard error. Mean values in a row followed by a different letter are significantly different at 𝑃≤0.05.