Sodium Contents in Dairy Cow Urine and Soil Aggregate Sizes Influence the Amount of Nitrogen Lost from Soil

Figure 4

The effects of the application of (a) urine with different Na⁺ concentrations and (b) different aggregate sizes on N₂O emissions. The timing of urine application is shown as a solid-line arrow. Dotted line arrows indicate the timing of the rain treatment. The error bars are standard deviations ( for (a) and for (b)).

(a)

(b)