Research Article

Using Cosmic-Ray Neutron Probes to Monitor Landscape Scale Soil Water Content in Mixed Land Use Agricultural Systems

Table 2

(Top section) Summary of the spatial average SWC from the TDT network and Grav/TDR from the 3 calibration sample dates. The daily average neutron count and computed values (using (1)) are also reported. Note that only 12 TDT sites (i.e., 6, 8, 9, 13, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, and 29) were used in the spatial average SWC, whereas all 16 sites were used in the Grav/TDR average. The mean absolute error of the spatial average SWC between the TDT and Grav/TDR methods for the three sample dates is 0.0229 m3/m3. (Middle section) Estimation of spatial average SWC from the CRNP using the values computed from the 3 TDT and Grav/TDR calibration sample dates. The individual ’s are used to cross-estimate the SWC between sample the 3 sample dates. In addition, the spatial average SWC is estimated for each date using the average of the 3 values. (Lower section) Difference between spatial average SWC and the CRNP estimated value for all 3 sample dates and each method. The mean absolute error using the average value for each calibration method is reported as 0.0255 m3/m3 for the TDT network and 0.0209 m3/m3 for the Grav/TDR sampling. The mean absolute error using the average from Grav/TDR sampling versus the TDT values is reported as 0.0286 m3/m3.

TDT (0–20 cm)Grav/TDR (0–15 cm)
Sample date
12/12/134/5/144/30/1412/12/134/5/144/30/14

Spatial avg. SWC (m3/m3)0.37950.28850.28290.39470.24480.2926
Daily avg. neutrons (cph)846.3917.8874.0846.3917.8874.0
Daily avg. (cph)1481.41508.41430.01494.71453.01441.1
MAE SWC (m3/m3), TDT versus Grav/TDR 0.0229

Spatial avg. SWC from CRNP (m3/m3)
Using 0.26660.32990.27720.3430
Using 0.41090.35690.34880.3033
Using 0.32540.22800.33650.2360
Using avg. 0.37050.26020.32210.35930.25230.3124

Difference in spatial avg. SWC (m3/m3), TDT versus CRNP  and  Grav/TDR versus CRNP
Using 0.0219−0.0470−0.0324−0.0504
Using −0.0314−0.07400.0459−0.0107
Using 0.05410.06050.05820.0088
Using avg. 0.00900.0283−0.03920.0354−0.0075−0.0198
MAE SWC (m3/m3), using avg. 0.02550.0209
MAE SWC (m3/m3), using avg. of Grav/TDR versus TDT values0.0286