Trace Metal Contamination Characteristics and Health Risks Assessment of Commelina africana L. and Psammitic Sandflats in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Table 7

Noncarcinogenic effects due to oral ingestion exposure to sandflat soil trace metals.

		Cd	Cr	Ni	Pb	Zn
	Estimated daily dose (EDDing)
Children (1–6 years)	Min.	0.0035	0.0307	0.0088	0.0001	0.3756
	Max.	0.0045	0.041	0.0131	0.0002	0.3929
	Mean	0.0038	0.0373	0.0115	0.0003	0.3761
Children (6–18 years)	Min.	0.0014	0.0122	0.0035	0.00004	0.1487
	Max.	0.0018	0.0162	0.0052	0.00006	0.1555
	Mean	0.0015	0.0148	0.0046	0.00005	0.1489
Adults	Min.	0.0004	0.0043	0.0012	0.00001	0.0524
	Max.	0.0006	0.0057	0.0018	0.00002	0.0548
	Mean	0.0005	0.0052	0.0016	0.00002	0.0525
	Target hazard quotient (THQ)
Children (1–6 years)	Min.	0.0035	0.0103	0.0004	0.00002	0.0012
	Max.	0.0045	0.0137	0.0007	0.00004	0.0013
	Mean	0.0038	0.0124	0.0006	0.00003	0.0012
Children (6–18 years)	Min.	0.0014	0.0041	0.0002	0.00001	0.0004
	Max.	0.0018	0.0054	0.0003	0.00002	0.0005
	Mean	0.0015	0.0049	0.0002	0.00001	0.0004
Adults	Min.	0.0005	0.0014	0.00006	0.000003	0.0002
	Max.	0.0006	0.0019	0.00009	6.00E − 06	0.0002
	Mean	0.0005	0.0017	0.00008	4.00E − 06	0.0002
	Hazard index (HI)	Min.	Max.	Mean
	1–6 years	0.015	0.02	0.018
	6–18 years	0.006	0.008	0.007
	Adults	0.002	0.003	0.003