Contamination of Soil with Pb and Sb at a Lead-Acid Battery Dumpsite and Their Potential Early Uptake by Phragmites australis
Table 1
Physicochemical characteristics of three soil treatments replicated three times (nonrecycled slag, recycled slag, and reference) at a LAB dumpsite in Norton, Zimbabwe. Parameters were determined before planting and 16 weeks after planting of P. australis. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of triplicate measurements.
Soil parameter
Before planting
16 weeks after planting
Nonrecycled slag treatment
Recycled slag treatment
Reference soil
Nonrecycled slag treatment
Recycled slag treatment
Reference soil
Clay%
6.33 ± 1.53
12.33 ± 1.53
18.67 ± 2.52
7.67 ± 1.63
10.63 ± 1.64
21.60 ± 2.95
Silt%
54.00 ± 2.65
61.00 ± 4.00
34.00 ± 3.00
55.10 ± 3.92
59.77 ± 1.53
34.60 ± 0.40
Fine sand%
39.67 ± 1.53
26.67 ± 2.52
47.33 ± 0.58
37.23 ± 4.52
29.60 ± 2.91
43.80 ± 3.17
Moisture content (g)
4.53 ± 0.22
6.76 ± 0.04
12.80 ± 0.30
—
—
—
pH (H2O)
10.90 ± 0.36
12.10 ± 0.20
7.23 ± 0.06
10.70 ± 0.10
10.93 ± 0.15
7.17 ± 0.06
(mg/kg)
0.85 ± 0.12
0.50 ± 0.02
1.45 ± 0.03
0.74 ± 0.09
0.58 ± 0.03
1.37 ± 0.17
(mg/kg)
0.61 ± 0.04
ND
1.37 ± 0.05
0.55 ± 0.07
ND
1.30 ± 0.08
EC (µS/cm)
144.50 ± 12.08
85.80 ± 8.35
41.03 ± 4.44
152.17 ± 8.92
108.40 ± 16.59
38.67 ± 1.82
Organic matter (%)
0.93 ± 0.06
0.31 ± 0.03
3.11 ± 0.18
0.87 ± 0.09
0.38 ± 0.03
3.57 ± 0.05
Total Pb (mg/kg)
48,840 ± 4,000
27,103 ± 3,869
0.51 ± 0.05
43860 ± 7,066
23,380 ± 2,495
ND
Total Sb (mg/kg)
3,460 ± 645
2,583 ± 523
ND
2,343 ± 531
2,163 ± 172
ND
Available Pb (mg/kg)
278.41 ± 20.50
111.54 ± 5.81
—
230.08 ± 42.33
95.34 ± 34.16
—
Available Sb (mg/kgl)
86.31 ± 13.08
64.83 ± 8.32
—
49.68 ± 16.36
42.54 ± 8.24
—
ND: not detected (below LOD). — (dash): parameter not determined. All parameters were significantly different across the three treatments before planting (). Parameters significantly different before planting and after planting of P. australis for a given soil treatment (paired -test; ).
