Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Sandy-Textured Soils under Smallholder Agricultural Land Use Practices in Sarawak, East Malaysia

Table 5

Comparison of selected soil physicochemical properties at 0–10 cm depth of centre point (CP) and fertilizing point (FP) in oil palm and pepper land uses.

Soil physicochemical properties	Oil palm CP	Oil palm FP	Pepper CP	Pepper FP
	n = 9	n = 9	n = 4	n = 4
Soil depth (0–10 cm)
pHw	4.57 ± 0.14	4.73 ± 0.66	4.76 ± 0.20	5.60 ± 0.78
Total C (g·kg^−1)	19.5 ± 7.3	25.5 ± 6.8	19.6 ± 4.5	24.7 ± 3.5
Total N (g·kg^−1)	1.37 ± 0.35	2.16 ± 0.57	1.30 ± 0.40	2.06 ± 0.40
C/N	13.9 ± 2.1	12.0 ± 2.3	15.4 ± 2.0	12.1 ± 1.5
Exch. K^+ (cmolc·kg^−1)	0.08 ± 0.03	0.48 ± 1.27	0.10 ± 0.02	0.85 ± 1.26
Exch. Mg^2+ (cmolc·kg^−1)	0.13 ± 0.06	0.31 ± 0.53	0.19 ± 0.10	1.41 ± 1.81
Exch. Ca^2+ (cmolc·kg^−1)	0.30 ± 0.18	0.46 ± 0.50	0.52 ± 0.13	1.76 ± 1.02
Exch. Al^3+ (cmolc·kg^−1)	0.39 ± 0.21	0.34 ± 0.24	0.55 ± 0.08	0.15 ± 0.13
Available P (mg·kg^−1)	19.4 ± 10.6	27.2 ± 40.5	65.9 ± 29.7	693.9 ± 531.5
Bulk density (g·mL^−1)	1.23 ± 0.07	1.11 ± 0.14	1.26 ± 0.06	1.16 ± 0.05

Values are means ± standard deviation; significant differences at using paired t-test; significant differences at using paired t-test.