Effects of Organic Soil Amendments on Photosynthetic Traits of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in an Alluvial Soil

Table 6

Organic amendments on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), leaf chlorophyll concentration, photosynthetic rate (A), leaf stomatal conductance rate (gs), and transpiration rate (E) of mature vines farm for two years of observation.

Property	Value obtained
	FNPK	FPJ	FPJBC	FFJ	FFJBC	FNPK	FPJ	FPJBC	FFJ	FFJBC
	2017					2018
Chlorophyll (μmol per m^2 of leaf)	56.44 ± 13.89^a	71.01 ± 22.80^a	84.87 ± 28.94^a	79.90 ± 37.56^a	83.58 ± 31.60^a	55.59 ± 6.03^c’	74.62 ± 3.32^b’	86.99 ± 2.07^a’	77.50 ± 2.95^b’	86.51 ± 1.15^a’
NDVI	0.81 ± 0.07^c	0.84 ± 0.06^bc	0.88 ± 0.07^ab	0.87 ± 0.09^abc	0.92 ± 0.03^a	0.76 ± 0.03^c’	0.89 ± 0.03^b’	0.91 ± 0.03^ab’	0.90 ± 0.03^b’	0.94 ± 0.03^a’
Photo (A) (μmol CO2m^−2s^−1)	8.24 ± 1.30^a	6.69 ± 1.72^a	8.25 ± 1.43^a	8.10 ± 1.80^a	7.74 ± 1.45^a	7.87 ± 0.27^c’	8.01 ± 0.13^bc’	8.35 ± 0.87^ab’	8.11 ± 0.13^abc’	8.49 ± 0.20^a’
Cond. (gs) (mol H2Om^−2s^−1)	0.15 ± 0.08^ab	0.12 ± 0.06^b	0.19 ± 0.05^a	0.11 ± 0.02^b	0.12 ± 0.10^a	0.09 ± 0.02^b’	0.14 ± 0.03^a’	0.15 ± 0.02^a’	0.15 ± 0.02^a’	0.15 ± 0.10^a’
Trans. (E) (mmol H2Om^−2s^−1)	2.65 ± 1.09^b	2.42 ± 0.96^b	3.85 ± 0.57^a	2.49 ± 0.50^b	2.41 ± 0.83^b	1.85 ± 0.22^b’	3.64 ± 0.18^a’	3.76 ± 0.27^a’	3.67 ± 0.16^a’	3.81 ± 0.22^a’

Note. Treatments are FNPK–compound fertilizer control, FPJ–Fermented Plant Juice, FPJBC–Fermented Plant Juice incorporated with biochar and compost, FFJ–Fermented Fruit Juice, and FFJBC–Fermented Fruit Juice incorporated with biochar and compost (mean + SE, n = 15). Note. Means with the same letter superscript within rows are not statistically different using Tukey’s at probability level. Letters without prime represent year 2017 and single prime superscript represents year 2018.